Basantpur Durbar Square
The Basantpur Darbar area, located in the heart of Kathmandu, stands as a prestigious UNESCO World Heritage Site, showcasing Nepal’s rich historical and cultural heritage. This ancient complex, which has remained the city’s focal point since the Malla period, continues to be the primary attraction for tourists visiting Kathmandu. As we continue our exploration of the valley’s cultural treasures, let’s delve into the fascinating heritage of the Basantpur Palace area.
History and Architecture of Basantpur Palace
Basantpur Durbar area has earned its reputation as Kathmandu’s premier tourist destination. Visitors are immediately greeted by the historic Basantpur Palace, a magnificent structure built by Prithvi Narayan Shah in 1770. This nine-storied architectural marvel is renowned for its intricate woodwork that adds to its visual appeal. The area is also known as Hanuman Dhoka, a name that originated in 1672 when Pratap Malla installed a statue of Hanuman at the palace entrance. Historical records suggest that the name “Basantpur Palace” came into use after Prithvi Narayan Shah’s construction of the main palace.
Notable Monuments and Attractions
Upon entering the palace complex, visitors can explore 62 distinct historical monuments. One of the main highlights is the Gaddhi Baithak, a neoclassical building constructed by Chandrashamsher in 1908. Following tradition, the head of state observes the celebrated Indrajatra festival from its bardali (viewing platform). The surrounding area features stunning pagoda-style monasteries that draw tourists from around the world to admire their artistic heritage.
Cultural Heritage and Religious Significance
The Living Goddess Kumari
The palace complex offers visitors a unique glimpse into architectural evolution, displaying structures from both the Malla and Shah dynasties. Basantpur has become particularly famous for housing the living Goddess Kumari. The Kumari Ghar, constructed by Jayaprakash Malla in 1757, serves as the residence of this living goddess and represents a unique aspect of Nepalese culture.
Taleju Bhawani Temple
Another significant attraction is the Taleju Bhawani Temple, built by King Mahindra Malla in 1564. This sacred structure, which opens to the public exclusively on Dashain Navami, holds immense religious importance in Nepalese culture.
Ancient Architectural Marvels
The complex showcases numerous architectural wonders, including the historic Kastamandapa, constructed in the 7th century using wood from a single tree. To its west stands the Silya Sattal, built from the remaining wood of the Kastamandap construction. The courtyard of Basantpur features various important structures, including:
- Trilokya Mohannarayan Temple
- The grand bell installed by King Ran Bahadur Shah
- Vansagopal Temple
- Makhan Mahadev Temple
These artistic monasteries and temples not only display architectural brilliance but also serve as important centers of religious devotion. The imposing idol of Kalabhairava adds to the site’s spiritual significance.